Soil variability refers to the natural differences that exist within a given area of soil. These differences can include variations in soil texture, structure, nutrient levels, pH, and organic matter content. Soil variability is influenced by factors such as climate, topography, parent material, and vegetation cover. Understanding soil variability is important for agriculture, as it can impact crop productivity and management decisions. Techniques such as soil sampling, mapping, and analysis are used to assess and manage soil variability in order to optimize crop yields and sustainability.